Adverse impacts to surface and groundwater quality and quantity include increased erosion and sediment loading in streams and may result from a variety of resource programs including soils management, minerals development, management of fish and wildlife, motorized vehicle use, and livestock grazing. Reclamation and other management activities that increase vegetative cover result in beneficial impacts to water resources. Alternatives that result in more long-term surface disturbances and stipulate fewer restrictions on resource uses that might affect water resources are anticipated to result in the greatest overall impact to water. Alternative C would result in the greatest adverse impacts to water resources due to the greatest projected surface disturbance and the fewest resource use restrictions. Although it would allow more long-term disturbance than Alternative A, Alternative D may result in fewer long-term adverse impacts to water resources due to increased reclamation standards and requirements for mitigation under this alternative. Alternative B would result in the fewest adverse impacts to water resources due to the comparatively smaller amount of projected surface disturbance and greater number of resource use restrictions under this alternative. Impacts to groundwater quality may result from produced water discharge where oil and gas wells are in areas with shallow groundwater. Alternative C is projected to result in the greatest number of new federal oil and gas wells, followed by alternatives A, D, and B (Appendix T).